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11.
The performance of the energy consumption of an electronic valve and a classical thermostatic valve has been compared when these expansion valves are adopted in a vapour compression plant subjected to a cold store. The main aim is to verify experimentally which type of expansion valve would be preferable from energy point of view when a classical thermostat or a fuzzy logic algorithm are used as the control system for the refrigeration capacity. The fuzzy logic‐based control is able to modulate continuously the compressor speed through an inverter. The results show that with a fuzzy algorithm, the thermostatic expansion valve allows an energy saving of about 8% in comparison with the electronic valve. When on–off control is used, the electric energy consumption obtained both with the electronic valve and with the thermostatic valve is comparable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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H. Yamamoto N. Heyamoto T. Matsui N. Murayama J. Shibata 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2003,24(5):1385-1394
Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) polymer gel is a temperature sensitive polymeric gel, with a critical transition temperature (with H2O) of 310 K. At higher than 310 K, this temperature sensitive polymer gel shrinks because of discharging water, whereas at lower temperatures, the gel swelled because of absorbing water. The reversibility of the gel's volume change was confirmed by temperature swing. The adsorption behavior of an organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel in water was tested at various temperatures. The amount of adsorbed organic compound increased remarkably at temperatures higher than about 310 K. Then, it was confirmed that the organic compound in PVA polymer gel could be reversibly adsorbed and desorbed by a temperature change between 293 and 323 K. The mechanism of adsorption of the organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel could be explained by hydration and dehydration of polymer gel. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the catalytic ignition of the H2/O2/CO2 mixture on platinum in a stagnation flow at atmospheric pressure experimentally and numerically. We measure the ignition temperatures of the gas mixtures flowing towards resistively heated platinum with various composition ratios and various diluent gases of N2, Ar and CO2. Compared with N2 or Ar, the CO2 dilution shows higher ignition temperature by about 50 K, even at the same composition ratio. The ignition temperature increase is proportional to the dilution ratio. Through the numerical simulation, it is illustrated that higher ignition temperature is caused by the adsorption of CO2 and following dissociation on platinum surface, which was to date considered negligible in catalytic combustion. 相似文献
16.
Cs-K混合蒸气中Cs(8D)+K(4S)碰撞能量转移 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在Cs-K混合蒸气中,两步激发Cs原子到8D态,观察了Cs(8D) K(4S)→Cs(5D) K(4P)碰撞能量合并逆过程(REP,reverse energy pooling)。应用双调制技术探测K(4P)原子发射的荧光,基态K原子密度用光学吸收方法测量。得到了REP速率系数,讨论了其它过程对速率系数的影响. 相似文献
17.
Daniela M. Nevskaia Maria Luisa Rojas Cervantes Antonio Guerrero Ruíz Juan de Dios Lpez Gonzlez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,63(3):249-256
Adsorption of Triton X-100 on various silica substrates has been investigated. A number of solids, including a natural quartz, this quartz washed with HCl acid and subsequently heated at 1273 K; two aerosils and one Kieselgel silicas were studied. These solids exhibit surface areas in the range of 5 to 430 m2 g?1. All the Triton adsorption isotherms display an S-shape at the adsorption temperatures studied (298 and 308 K). It has been found that the pretreatments of natural quartz (by water washing, impurities removed by acid and/or high temperature calcination) affect considerably the amounts of TX-100 adsorbed. Measurements of surface composition have been made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis on the presence of impurities and on the number of OH groups at the surface of the samples. The nature of the surface hydroxyl has also been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the specific number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica samples has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally an attempt to correlate solid surface characteristics with adsorption isotherms has been developed. 相似文献
18.
María P. Albano Liliana B. Garrido 《Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing》2002,10(4):211-218
Si3N4powders coated with 6 wt% Y2O3and 4 wt% Al2O3were prepared by coprecipitation. The resulting powders were dispersed in water at different pH values and with addition of various amounts of ammonium polyacrylate (NH4PA) to produce 32 vol% slips. The influence of the amount of NH4PA solution added and pH on the rheological properties of 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips were studied. In addition, the sintered density of cast samples was determined and related to the degree of slip dispersion. The adsorption of the NH4PA on the coated particle surface was rather high and the surface became saturated near 0.86 mg/m2at pH 9.2. High NH4PA concentrations (1.7–3 wt%) were necessary to obtain well dispersed 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips at pH 9.2. The best stabilization was obtained with the addition of 2.3 wt% NH4PA; in this condition, the viscosity reached a minimum value of 35 mPa.s at 100 s–1. The slip viscosity increased with increasing pH from 9.2 to 10.2. Slips with low viscosities gave a more dense packing of cast samples and consequently higher sintered density values. 相似文献
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This paper presents a method to compensate voltage sags with minimum energy injection for a series‐connected voltage restorer using a micro‐SMES. A circuit for extracting the fundamental symmetrical components from sag voltages and a minimum energy injection algorithm is described. Simulations of voltage sag compensation have been carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC for various faults. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method and show the possibility of reducing the size of energy storage devices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 70–80, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10047 相似文献